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- September 1990
-
-
- POLICE PRACTICES:
- PENNSYLVANIA'S INTERDEPARTMENTAL COMMUNICATIONS SYSTEM
-
-
- No one can argue the benefits that effective
- communications systems provide to law enforcement. Even 60 years
- ago, Detroit, Michigan, Police Commissioner Rutledge, while
- addressing the International Association of Chiefs of Police at
- its 1929 convention, noted: ``Snaring criminals in a radio
- network, woven by broadcasting to radio-equipped cars, has become
- a matter of seconds...With the use of radio communication between
- Headquarters and the patrol cars, we are catching criminals red
- handed...Instead of trailing behind in the dust of the criminal,
- we are as nearly abreast of him as it is humanly possible to
- be.'' (1)
-
- Yet, with all the emphasis being placed on electronic
- systems and the technological advancements that have occurred
- since Commissioner Rutledge's speech, the extent of communication
- among law enforcement agencies to share information lags behind
- capabilities. Unfortunately, jurisdictional boundaries control
- interagency communication and cooperation.
-
- However, this is no longer the case in the State of
- Pennsylvania, which supports a statewide police emergency radio
- frequency. Using a multi-channel radio programmed with each
- frequency used in a specific location, officers can monitor
- operational radio transmissions and then initiate an immediate
- response, while being able to communicate directly with the
- agency having jurisdictional responsibility for the
- incident.
-
- PROGRAM IMPLEMENTATION
-
- To begin, the Pennsylvania State Police (PSP) purchased a
- 32-128 channel programmable mobile radio with the intent of
- expanding its own radio frequency resources. Then, each
- communications specialist within the 15 troop areas statewide
- contacted all governmental agencies within their individual
- areas to request permission to program the PSP radio with the
- frequency of those agencies. Once an agency granted permission
- to use its frequency, the communications specialist advised the
- PSP Communications Division of the appropriate frequency
- designation, the P.L. squelch code, if any, and a written
- authorization of the license holder to allow use of the
- frequency.
-
- PSP communications specialists received an overwhelming
- response to their initial inquiries. Over 300 police
- organizations within and surrounding Pennsylvania authorized the
- use of more than 500 police frequencies for interdepartmental
- communications. Even States adjoining Pennsylvania gave
- permission for their statewide emergency frequencies to be
- accessed on the PSP radio system. L.E.E.R.N. (Law Enforcement
- Emergency Radio Network) of Ohio, S.W.E.N. (Statewide Emergency
- Network) of Delaware, and the New York Felony Channel are now
- available to Pennsylvania State Police troopers working near
- these State borders.
-
- Obviously, it was not feasible, or necessary, for each troop
- to access all 500 frequencies. Therefore, commanders of local
- troops relied on their communications specialists to decide what
- frequencies would be included in their radio systems. The
- frequencies added by individual troops depended on local and/or
- regional needs. Many troops consolidated all their desired
- channel requests into a single troopwide radio program.
- However, commanders were not restricted in any way concerning
- their ability to communicate with other agencies. Some troops
- have as many as three different programs established for the
- respective stations that comprise their troop. In addition,
- along with local law enforcement agencies, some troops
- incorporated the National Weather Service Channel, the frequency
- for the Pennsylvania Emergency Management Agency, the
- Pennsylvania Turnpike repeaters frequencies, and the Pennsylvania
- Department of Environmental Resources Forestry repeater channels.
-
- OPERATION
-
- Currently, the Pennsylvania State Police Communications
- Division is responsibile for managing 52 authorized radio
- programs used throughout the Commonwealth by troopers. No longer
- must troopers wait for information to be relayed through another
- agency's dispatcher to a PSP dispatcher and then to them. Now,
- they simply monitor the original conversation and converse
- directly with the dispatcher of the agency having jurisdictional
- responsibility.
-
- From the first day of operation, the interdepartmental
- communications system has aided in solving crimes, recovering
- property, and saving lives. For example, PSP troopers working
- the midnight shift in the Harrisburg area monitored the radio
- frequency of a nearby township police department. After
- obtaining a description of the car and occupants, the troopers
- positioned themselves near a burglary location. Within 10
- minutes, they stopped the car, held the occupants for the
- responding officers from the township department, and recovered
- $10,000 of stolen property. All this occurred before the
- township dispatcher contacted the PSP dispatcher by telephone.
-
- In another instance, a DuBois trooper monitoring the county
- frequency overheard an ambulance driver enroute to a hospital
- radio discussing traffic congestion. The trooper conversed
- directly with the ambulance driver to identify the problem, and
- then went to the source of the congestion to clear a path for the
- ambulance. The patient, who was in critical condition, survived.
-
- CONCLUSION
-
- Communications is the life-blood of organizations,
- especially law enforcement organizations. Communications binds
- together individual entities within departments so that all
- their activities can be directed toward common departmental
- goals. This team effort produces organizational unity.
-
- Team efforts can be expanded statewide. With a direct
- interagency radio communications system, all participating
- Pennsylvania law enforcement agencies operate within a team
- concept. As a result, any barriers that existed between State
- and local law enforcement are coming down. After many years of
- coexisting, police agencies in Pennsylvania are finally talking.
-
- FOOTNOTE
-
- (1) V.A. Leonard, Police Communications Systems (University of
- California Press, 1938).
-
- ______________
-
- Major Robert C. Hickes of the Pennsylvania State Police in
- Harrisburg provided the information used in this column.